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tour.description = Flight 93 National Memorial 3D Virtual eLearning Experience
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In 2001 many aircraft were equipped with seatback Airfones. Passengers and crew used these phones to reach their loved ones and the authorities. Some calls were very brief. Some lines stay open for almost 30 minutes. A few calls are recorded and the others are later recounted by loved ones. Above is a replica of an Airfone similar to the ones used on Flight 93.
Welcome to The Flight 93 National Memorial Virtual Experience
Flight 93 National Memorial is dedicated to honoring the actions of the 40 passengers and crew members of United Flight 93 who's selfless acts saved thousands of lives and the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington DC. Flight 93 National Memorial is operated and maintained by the United States National Park Service with support from the National Park Foundation and the Friends of Flight 93.
This interactive 3D Virtual Tour provides an overview to enhance your understanding and experience when visiting Flight 93 National Memorial in person.
The Friends of Flight 93 depend on the generous support of individuals, corporations, and foundations to provide 9/11 Flight 93 education resources to visitors of all ages from around the world.
If you enjoy this interactive virtual experience, please donate to the Friends of Flight 93.
TOWER OF VOICES
The Tower of Voices serves as both a visual and audible reminder of the heroism of the 40 passengers and crew of United Flight 93. The tower is conceived as a monumental, ninety-three-feet-tall musical instrument holding 40 wind chimes, representing the 40 passengers and crew members. It is intended to be a landmark feature near the memorial entrance, visible from US Route 30/Lincoln Highway. The Tower of Voices provides a living memorial in sound to remember the 40 individuals through their ongoing voices. Funding for the design and construction of the project was provided through private donations to the National Park Foundation and the Friends of Flight 93 National Memorial.
UNIQUENESS OF DESIGN
There are no other chime structures like this in the world. The shape and orientation of the tower are designed to optimize air flow through the tower walls to reach the interior chime chamber. The chime system is designed using music theory to identify a mathematically developed range of frequencies needed to produce a distinct musical note associated with each chime. The applied music theory allows the sound produced by individual chimes to be musically compatible with the sound created by the other chimes in the tower. The intent is to create a set of 40 tones (voices) that can connote through consonance the serenity and nobility of the site while also through dissonance recalling the event that consecrated the site.
Tower of Voices
There are 2 total quiz questions in this tour stop
OSAMA BIN LADEN
Al Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden is born into a wealthy Saudi family in 1957 and even as a youth embraces a militant version of Islam. In 1980, he joins other disaffected Muslims to wage “holy war,” or jihad in Afghanistan to expel Soviet occupying forces. After the Soviet withdrawal, bin Laden and others form al Qaeda as a base for future jihad, intent on attacking US interests.
The US is considered an enemy because it is not governed according to al Qaeda’s extremist interpretation of Islam and supports “infidel” governments in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Israel. Al Qaeda opposes US involvement in the 1991 Gulf War, and the continuing military presence in the Arabian Peninsula. Bin Laden believes the US is behind the oppression of Muslims around the world through political influence, military power, materialism, and traditions of democracy and equality. In 1998, he proclaims: “To kill the Americans and their allies – civilian and military – is an individual duty for every Muslin who can do it.”
Last question at Overlook
From the Flight Path Overlook visitors have the opportunity to view the impact site and a grove of eastern hemlock trees that were damaged as a result of the Flight 93 crash. A visible gap in the tree line serves as a lasting scar from where over 80 damaged trees were removed.
The eastern hemlock is a prevalent tree in Pennsylvania forests. A slow-growing, long-lived tree which can take 250-300 years to reach maturity, it may live for 800 years or more. The thick foliage of hemlock trees provides shelter to birds and other animals. Hemlock trees also help cool the forest in summer and block snowfall from the forest floor in winter, making it easier for animals to navigate in harsh winters. Eastern hemlock is very susceptible to fire because of its thin bark, shallow roots, low-branching habit, and heavy litter deposits. It is possibly the most fire-sensitive mesophytic tree species in its range.
Proceed to the Wetland Bridge for the remaining questions
Memorial Plaza
There are 4 total quiz questions in this tour stop
Wall of Names
There are 4 total quiz questions in this tour stop
Allee Trail
There are 3 total quiz questions in this tour stop
Flight Path
There are 3 total quiz questions in this tour stop
40 Memorial Groves
The Allée walking trail takes visitors from the Visitor Center to the Memorial Plaza through 40 Memorial Groves. The Memorial Groves hold 40 groves of 40 trees for each passenger and crew member. The groves are planted with seven species of Pennsylvania hardwoods: Red Oak, White Oak, Black Oak, Scarlet Oak, Chestnut Oak, Black Gum, and Sugar Maple. The Allée follows the edge of the groves and is lined with 320 Red Sunset maple trees.
AIRFONE
An airfone recovered at the Flight 93 crash site
AIRFONE TOUCHPAD
A fragment of an Airfone touchpad recovered at the Flight 93 crash site.
9:30 AM
CALLS FROM FLIGHT 93
From the back of the plane at least thirteen passengers and crew members make telephone calls from Airfones located on the center seatbacks in each row, or from personal cell phones. these calls are shown on the illustration of the plane above and reveal where those people were sitting at specific moments after the terrorists takeover of the plane.
The men and women aboard Flight 93 place at least 37 calls. Many of the calls are dropped or interrupted. However, flight attendants are able to reach United Airlines to report the hijacking. Together the calls provide a glimpse of the lasy minutes of the passengers and crew.
About 9/11
There is 1 total quiz question in this tour stop
Wetlands Bridge
The Wetlands Bridge allows visitors walking the Allée to cross the wetlands and then walk to the Memorial Plaza and follow the crash site to the Wall of Names. The bridge provides opportunities for reflection and changing views of the natural wetlands habitat.
Among the restorative features intended to heal the landscape, a series of wildflower meadows were planted. Wetlands and ponds adjacent to the crash site are preserved as natural features in the design and construction of Flight 93 National Memorial. Originally a part of the surface mining activities, the wetlands have been transformed into a self-sustaining natural habitat and aquatic eco-system. Local flora and fauna reside and thrive here now. In addition to creating environmental interest, the ponds serve important design functions as a naturally occurring reservoir for storm water that flows down from higher elevations.
Boarding at Gate 17A
Toshiya Kuge is heading home to Japan and Hilda Marcin is traveling to her daughter's house in Califonia.
Todd Beamer parked his car in the Newark airport parking lot and pockets the ticket.
From the Ceremonial Gate, constructed of hemlock wood, visitors can look down the flight path to the last piece of granite etched with the time of the Flight 93 crash, and further into the impact site marked by a sandstone boulder.
Today, the impact site is closed to the public. Only family of the passengers and crew members of have access to visit this final resting place.
Proceed to Hemlock Grove for remaining questions
FORECOURT AND VISITOR SHELTER
A gateway to the Memorial Plaza, the forecourt and visitor shelter mark the approach toward the crash site and landscape that serves as the final resting place for the passengers and crew. The forecourt hosts six outdoor signs that share the September 11, 2001 story of Flight 93. The shelter provides a location for visitors to leave messages, ask park rangers or volunteers questions, and temporarily escape inclement weather
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WALL OF NAMES
Located underneath the flight path and final approach of Flight 93, the Wall of Names is constructed from white marble. Forty individually selected and polished marble stones are inscribed with each of the passenger and crew member names. Black granite denotes the flight path. From the Ceremonial Gate, constructed of hemlock wood, visitors can look down the flight path to the last piece of granite etched with the time of the crash and the impact site marked by a distant sandstone boulder.
September 11, 2001 began as an ordinary, late-summer day when nineteen terrorists boarded and hijacked four airplanes to attack America. Nearly 3,000 people were killed when the hijacked planes were flown into the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon near Washington, DC, and United Airlines Flight 93 crashed in the Pennsylvania countryside. Flight 93 did not arrive at the hijackers' intended target in the nation's Capitol because of the selfless, courageous actions of those on board. As a result of phone calls made from on board Flight 93 and from the cockpit voice recorder recovered at the crash site, we learn of the struggle the passengers and crew had with the hijackers which began in the skies over Western Pennsylvania, and ended with the high-speed crash of the plane in a desolate reclaimed strip mine near Shanksville, just 18 minutes flying time from Washington, DC. Countless lives were spared, but all on board Flight 93 were lost.
HEMLOCK GROVE AND IMPACT SITE
A walk along the Memorial Plaza provides visitors the opportunity to view the impact site and a grove of eastern hemlock trees that were damaged as a result of the Flight 93 crash. A visible gap in the tree line serves as a lasting "scar" from where over 80 damaged trees were removed.
Near the base of the hemlock grove sits a native 17.5-ton sandstone boulder, placed in 2011, to indicate the edge of the impact site. During the 2001 crime scene investigation, the FBI methodically excavated the impact site over thirteen days. The crater was later backfilled in October 2001 at the direction of the local coroner. Today the impact site and grove are closed to the public. Families of the passengers and crew of Flight 93 have access to visit this final resting place.
A Crime Scene
The Flight 93 Investigation is crucial to the FBI's effort to seek justice and prevent future attacks. At the World Trade Center and Pentagon it is nearly impossible for investigators to find evidence amid the burning rubble, but the Flight 93 site quickly yields important information. The FBI's first priority is to recover the "black boxes." Hundreds of investigators comb the crash site collecting evidence. Other agents interview those who received calls from Flight 93 and follow thousands of leads. Investigators are able to recover only a small percentage of human remains. Scientists, working with the Coroner, identify all on board through DNA analysis. This field becomes the final resting place of the passengers and crew.
The black walkway marks the Flight Path of United Flight 93.
At 10:03 a.m., Flight 93 plowed into an empty field at a speed of 563 miles per hour. Upon impact, the 5500 gallons of jet fuel on board the aircraft exploded, creating a ball of fire that rose higher than the trees. The flight data recorder that was recovered from the crash site revealed that the terrorists had reprogrammed the aircraft's autopilot system for a new destination - Washington, D.C. Recovered evidence and responses to interrogations revealed that the terrorists' intended target was most likely the United States Capitol Building, where the nation's legislators were in session. Flight 93 crashed approximately 20-minutes flying-time from Washington, D.C. Because of the quick and determined actions of the passengers and crew members, Flight 93 was the only one of the four hijacked aircraft that failed to reach the terrorist's intended target on 9/11.
Heroic and Noble Action
On September 11, these 40 men and women faced the unimaginable. Their determined actions in the skies above this place prevented an even greater loss to the nation. They came from varied backgrounds, and from across the nation and around the world. Their photographs record moments of lives richly lived. The Congressional Gold Medal, authorized by the Fallen Heroes Act of 2011, recognizes the "heroic and noble" actions of the passengers and crew on Flight 93.
Threat In The Air
When American Airlines Flight 11 strikes the North Tower of the World Trade Center many believe it is a tragic accident. Minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 hits the second World Trade Center tower, and many now realize these acts are deliberate. Amid the confusion of theses unfolding events, American Airlines Flight 77 strikes the Pentagon. It is clear the attack is not confined to New York City. Any plane in the air is a threat.
Flight 93 Hijacked
Armed with knives the terrorist break into the cockpit, attack the pilots and gain control of the aircraft. They kill or injure several passengers and crew members. A routine flight becomes a mid-air struggle for life or death. The terrorists claim to have a bomb and force the remaining people to the back of the plane. Flight 93 now piloted by a terrorist, changes course and heads southeast toward Washington, DC. Over the next 35 minutes, the passengers and crew manage to place calls to their loved ones and authorities. After learning that their aircraft is part of a larger attack on the country, they quickly share information and decide to act.
Fighting Back
The passengers and crew of Flight 93 vote to charge the cockpit. Ending their calls to loved ones, they rush forward. The plane's "black boxes" record erratic flight and a sustained struggle in the cockpit. The cockpit voice recorder captures the voice of both native English and native Arabic speakers, as well as screams, shouts, breaking glass, alarms, and sounds of fighting. In the midst of the counterattack, Flight 93 crashes in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, less than 20 minutes from al Qaeda's intended target - the nation’s capital.
Aircraft Down
Flight 93 hits the ground traveling at 563 mph and carrying more than 5,000 gallons of jet fuel, exploding on impact, and throwing debris into the nearby hemlock grove. There are no survivors. Eyewitnesses report a fiery crash in the Pennsylvania countryside. A 911 dispatcher radios fire and emergency medical personnel: "Large aircraft down in the area of Lambertsville Road." Arriving within minutes of the crash, first responders find a smoking crater, burning trees, and the ground littered with the fragments of the plane. Authorities quickly realize the crash of Flight 93 is part of the larger attack on the nation.
I Remember
In many cultures there is a long tradition of leaving offerings at sites of violence. Memorials are created as places for shared remembering and expressions of mourning where visitors may leave something of themselves for public consideration. By the afternoon of September 11, people began to leave offerings near the Flight 93 crash site, creating temporary memorials. Thousands of tributes and acts of remembrance, both spontaneous and planned are reminders of the outpouring of emotion prompted by the terrorists attack. These tributes are a way to express, in a public space, "I remember."
Reminders to a Nation
Individual acts of remembrance have led to permanent memorials at the World Trade center site, at the Pentagon, and here at the Flight 93 crash site. These memorials honor the nearly 3,000 lives lost that day. On September 11, terrorism reached across oceans once thought to insulate the United States. In response, the US led a coalition of international forces to Afghanistan and the Middle East. A worldwide search for al Qaeda operatives resulted in the killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011. To uncover new threats and prevent acts of terrorism, US and foreign nations now share intelligence and cooperate in unprecedented ways. A heightened awareness of terrorism is part of life in the twenty-first century. As the country adapts to this new reality, a common field near Shanksville remains a testament to the courage of 40 people and a reminder to an entire nation.
An Ordinary Day
September 11, 2001, dawns a beautiful late summer day. Skies are remarkably clear and blue over much of the eastern United States. As on any ordinary Tuesday morning, children are in their classrooms and workers at their jobs. Despite a contested election the previous year, newly elected President George W. Bush is enjoying high approval ratings. Congress is back in session. The United States is experiencing a time of relative peace and prosperity. Within hours that peace is shattered by an unprecedented act of terrorism. Not even this most unlikely of places-a common field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania-is untouched by the events of the day.
America Attacked
Throughout the summer of 2001, the United States intelligence community reports a dramatic increase in threats by terrorist groups. Many warnings point to al Qaeda, a terrorist network based in Afghanistan, and their plans to attack overseas targets and unspecified US interests. Though desperate to prevent attacks, intelligence agencies do not have specifics about a date, method, or target. By mid-morning on September 11, al Qaeda brings international terrorism to United States soil. Terrorists hijack four airplanes to attack symbols of American power. In less than two hours' time, nearly 3,000 people are killed.
Access the quiz questions inside the information panels at each tour stop.
Clicking the blue "i" icon (shown left) will both open and close the info panels.
There are two types of questions that could appear; history or general questions, and STEAM questions.
Friends of Flight 93 National Memorial Virtual eLearning Tour
This virtual tour is specifically for educational purposes - to provide public, private, and home schools with a uniquely engaging virtual exploration and learning experience of the Flight 93 National Memorial.
Each stop along the tour will provide information about the memorial, and quiz questions designed for 5th - 12th grade students.
There are a total of 17 quiz questions. Correct answers are worth 1 point each. You will have the ability to repeat the quiz in order to improve your score. When you have completed all of the questions in a tour stop, a green check-mark will display beside that tour stop button on the Home screen.
When you are done with the tour you can download your score and email it to your teacher.
LAUREN CATUZZI GRANDCOLAS
San Rafael, California
Age: 38
Occupation: Consultant and writer
On September 11, Lauren Catuzzi Grandcolas was flying home from her grandmother's funeral in New Jersey. Raised in Houston, the University of Texas graduate had 15 years of marketing and sales experience, and recently left her work as a consultant at Good Housekeeping magazine in order to write a book intended to inspire women to follow their dreams. She and her husband were expecting their first child.
WANDA ANITA GREEN
Oakland, California/Linden, New Jersey
Age: 49
Occupation: Flight Attendant, United Airlines
Wanda Anita Green was a United Airlines flight attendant for 29 years, fulfilling her dream of seeing the world. According to her mother, Wanda was one of United's first African American flight attendants. Green was a dedicated mother of two, a church deacon, and active in her community. She held a degree from Rockland Community College, earned a real estate license, and hoped to open her own real estate office when she retired from flying.
JANE C. FOLGER
Bayonne, New Jersey
Age: 73
Occupation: Retired bank officer, Commercial Trust
Jane C. Folger was traveling with her sister-in-law and friend, Patricia Cushing, on a long-anticipated sightseeing trip to San Francisco. Strong and resilient, Folger raised six children, then lost a son in the Vietnam War and another son to AIDS. Jane knew and loved New York City, and since retiring, she traveled there weekly, introducing her six grandchildren to her favorite stores, theaters, museums, and cultural events.
JASON M. DAHL
Littleton, Colorado
Age: 43
Occupation: Captain, United Airlines
Piloting jets was the realization of a lifelong dream for Jason M. Dahl. The California native earned his private pilot's license at age 16. He graduated from San Jose State University with a degree in aeronautics operations. After 16 years with United Airlines, Dahl was a standards captain, training and evaluating pilots, a job which provided more time at home with his wife and his son from a previous marriage.
DONALD FREEMAN GREENE
Greenwich, Connecticut
Age: 52
Occupation: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Safe Flight Instrument Corporation
Donald Freeman Greene was headed to Lake Tahoe to join his brothers on a hiking and biking trip. An experienced pilot who was licensed at age 14, Greene worked with his adoptive father in a company that manufactured safety products for aircraft. Greene held an engineering degree from Brown University and a MBA from Pace University. He loved flying, sailing, and spending time with his wife and two children.
KRISTIN OSTERHOLM WHITE-GOULD
New York City, New York
Age: 65
Occupation: Freelance journalist
Kristin Osterholm White Gould was a published author and a freelance journalist for more than 30 years, primarily writing about medicine and science. A graduate of Cornell University, Gould was an intellectual with an interest in literature and drama. She traveled the world and was fluent in several languages, including Latin and ancient Greek. Gould boarded Flight 93 to visit friends in California. She was survived by her daughter.
JEREMY LOGAN GLICK
Hewitt, New Jersey
Age: 31
Occupation: Sales Manager, Vividence, Inc.
On September 11, Jeremy Logan Glick reluctantly left home on a business trip. He cherished every moment at home with his high school sweetheart, now wife, and their three-month-old daughter. Glick was a talented athlete with a black belt and title of U.S. National Collegiate Judo Champion. He earned a degree from the University of Rochester that led to a management position with a California-based web research company.
COLLEEN L. FRASER
Elizabeth, New Jersey
Age: 51
Occupation: Executive Director, Progressive Center for Independent Living
Colleen L. Fraser was a passionate and tireless advocate for people with disabilities and Vice Chair of the New Jersey Developmental Disabilities Council. Fraser, who had a degree from Rutgers University, helped to draft the Americans with Disabilities Act. She relied on a cane and a mobility scooter and is remembered for her flare, her determination, and for inspiring others. She was survived by her siblings.
ANDREW (SONNY) GARCIA
Portola Valley, California
Age: 62
Occupation: Owner and President, Cinco Group, Inc.
On September 11, Andrew (Sonny) Garcia was returning home from a business meeting. Garcia and his wife owned an industrial products company. He had a loving relationship with his three children and is remembered for his deep faith and sense of humor. As a young man he was fascinated with aviation, earned a degree from San Jose State University, and trained as an air traffic controller with the California Air National Guard.
PATRICK JOSEPH DRISCOLL
Manalapan, New Jersey
Age: 70
Occupation: Retired Executive Director of Software Development, Bell Communications
Patrick Joseph Driscoll, the son of Irish immigrants, served in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War. With degrees from New York University and Rutgers, Driscoll built a successful career in the emerging computer field. He and his wife were married for 42 years and raised four children. In retirement, he devoted himself to his church and community. On September 11, Driscoll and William Cashman were traveling to Yosemite National Park to go hiking.
EDWARD PORTER FELT
Matawan, New Jersey
Age: 41
Occupation: Computer Engineer and Technology Director, BEA Systems
Edward Porter Felt held degrees from Colgate and Cornell Universities, and was known as a problem solver and one of BEA's most accomplished engineers. Felt held two patents in the field of encryption technology. He enjoyed the outdoors and kept fit by swimming laps and running. He was devoted to his wife and two daughters. On September 11, he was en route to San Francisco on a last-minute business trip.
JOSEPH DELUCA
Succasunna, New Jersey
Age: 52
Occupation: Business Systems Specialist, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare
Joseph DeLuca is remembered for his sense of humor and concern for others. He created a cartoon featuring a sports car racing feline, and was devoted to racing and restoring his Morgan Roadster. A graduate of Jersey City State College, DeLuca worked as a computer software designer for 23 years. DeLuca boarded Flight 93 with his girlfriend, Linda Gronlund, to travel to California's wine country. He was survived by his parents and sister.
RICHARD J. GUADAGNO
Eureka, California/Trenton, New Jersey
Age: 38
Occupation: Project Manager, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Richard J. Guadagno dedicated his life to protecting wildlife and the environment. A biology degree from Rutgers University prepared him for a 17-year career with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He was a federally-trained law enforcement officer. Guadagno's final assignment was at Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge in Northern California. Guadagno was returning home from visiting his parents, sister, and extended family and the celebration of his grandmother's 100th birthday.
LEROY HOMER
Marlton, New Jersey
Age: 36
Occupation: First Officer, United Airlines
First Officer LeRoy Homer grew up on Long Island, New York with a love of planes, earning his private pilot's license at age 16. After graduating from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1987, Homer served in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm and later flew humanitarian missions to Somalia. His career with United Airlines began in 1995. Homer was survived by his wife and a daughter born in 2000.
TOSHIYA KUGE
Osaka, Japan
Age: 20
Occupation: Student, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Toshiya Kuge was determined to become proficient in English and earn a Master's degree in engineering from an American university. On his two-week vacation and second trip to America, the independent and outgoing college student went whitewater rafting in Canada and visited Niagara Falls and the Statue of Liberty. Flight 93 was the first leg of Kuge's journey home. He was survived by his parents and a brother.
MARK BINGHAM
San Francisco, California
Age: 31
Occupation: Owner, The Bingham Group
Mark Bingham was an adventure-loving public relations executive who traveled frequently for pleasure and for his business. The former rugby champion at the University of California at Berkley was a valued member of the San Francisco Fog, a gay rugby football club. On September 11 he was returning to San Francisco to be an usher in a friend's wedding. Bingham was survived by his mother, father, and stepmother.
HILDA MARCIN
Mount Olive, New Jersey
Age: 79
Occupation: Retired teacher's aide
The oldest passenger on Flight 93, Hilda Marcin was traveling to spend the winter with her daughter in California. Marcin grew up in Irvington, New Jersey, married, and had two daughters. She worked for 20 years as a fund manager for a union, and then began a new career as an instructional aide for special needs children. The retired, energetic grandmother, widowed in 1979, loved to cook and is remembered as strong and independent.
WALESKA MARTINEZ
Jersey City, New Jersey
Age: 37
Occupation: Automation Specialist, New York Region, U.S. Census Bureau
After graduating from the University of Puerto Rico, Waleska Martinez moved to New Jersey to advance her career. Colleagues at the U.S. Census Bureau where she worked for 13 years, remember her as organized, innovative, and always smiling. On September 11 she was traveling to a conference with co-worker Marion Britton. Martinez played tennis and softball, and enjoyed concerts and dancing. She was survived by her parents and siblings
NICOLE CAROL MILLER
San Jose, California
Age: 21
Occupation: Student, West Valley College, Saratoga, California
Family members of Nicole Carol Miller remember her boundless energy. A dean's list student, she held a part-time waitress job, taught fitness classes, and worked out daily. Though college classes had resumed, Miller made a last-minute decision to fly to the east coast with a friend. The couple toured Manhattan landmarks and New Jersey beaches before boarding separate flights to return home on September 11. She was survived by her parents, stepparents, and siblings.
DONALD ARTHUR PETERSON
Spring Lake, New Jersey
Age: 66
Occupation: Retired President, Continental Electric Company
On September 11, Donald Arthur Peterson was traveling with his wife, Jean, to Yosemite National Park. Peterson, a New Jersey native with an electrical engineering degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a MBA from Rutgers University, retired as the President of Continental Electric Company in New Jersey. Volunteerism, driven by his deep faith, filled Peterson's retirement years. When he married Jean in 1984, each had three children from a previous marriage
JEAN HOADLEY PETERSON
Spring Lake, New Jersey
Age: 55
Occupation: Retired Registered Nurse
On September 11, Jean Hoadley Peterson was traveling with her husband, Don, to Yosemite National Park. With a nursing degree from the University of Rochester and a Master's Degree from Columbia University, Jean was well-suited for her retirement volunteer work as a crisis pregnancy counselor. Peterson was motivated by her faith. When she married Don in 1984, each had three children from a previous marriage. Jean welcomed her first grandchild in 2001.
MARK DAVID ROTHENBERG
Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Age: 52
Occupation: Owner, MDR Global Resources
Mark David Rothenberg was an intense, successful businessman accustomed to frequent flights to Asia for his importing business. Mark, or "Mickey," as he was known to friends and family, graduated from Franklin and Marshall College, then worked for many years in the family glassware business, becoming the top salesman and eventual owner. Though he worked long hours and traveled extensively, Rothenberg was devoted to his wife and two daughters.
LINDA GRONLUND
Greenwood Lake, New York
Age: 46
Occupation: Manager of Environmental Compliance, BMW North America
Linda Gronlund was an attorney, an engineer, and a skilled automobile mechanic with a passion for sports car racing. She did her undergraduate work at Southampton College of Long Island University and received her law degree from American University in Washington, DC. On September 11, Gronlund was traveling with her boyfriend, Joseph DeLuca, to celebrate her birthday in California's wine country. She was survived by her parents and a sister.
DEBORAH JACOBS WELSH
New York City, New York
Age: 49
Occupation: Flight Attendant, United Airlines
As the purser on Flight 93, Deborah Jacobs Welsh was assigned to first class. With more than 25 years of experience with three airlines, she was well-qualified for the role. Welsh grew up in Philadelphia, loved to travel and embraced the cultures of the exotic places she visited. She was compassionate and caring, often delivering leftover airline meals to homeless people in the Manhattan neighborhood where she and her husband lived.
HONOR ELIZABETH WAINIO
Baltimore, Maryland
Age: 27
Occupation: District Manager, Discovery Channel Stores
Just home from Europe, Honor Elizabeth Wainio was traveling on business on September 11. Wainio, a graduate of Towson University, was not only bright and enthusiastic, but driven, leading to advancement with Discovery Channel stores. "Lizz", as her friends knew her, recently relocated to New Jersey for her career, but remained connected with her family and friends in her beloved Baltimore. Wainio was survived by parents, stepparents, a brother and a sister
CEECEE ROSS LYLES
Fort Pierce, Florida
Age: 33
Occupation: Flight Attendant, United Airlines
After six years as a police officer and detective in Fort Pierce, CeeCee Ross Lyles embarked on a new career as a flight attendant, completing her training in January, 2001. The busy mother of two sons and two stepsons enjoyed the travel opportunities of her new job, and relished the time at home between flights. Her husband says Lyles was a tough, smart, and caring woman with a strong faith.
CHRISTINE ANN SNYDER
Kailua, Hawaii
Age: 32
Occupation: Arborist and Project Manager, The Outdoor Circle
Hawaii native Christine Ann Snyder was passionate about her work with The Outdoor Circle, Hawaii's oldest nonprofit environmental group. As an arborist, Snyder worked to protect trees and landscapes from development. On September 11, the University of Hawaii graduate was returning from a forestry conference in Washington, DC and an impromptu first visit to New York City. Snyder was anxious to return to Hawaii and her husband of just three months
LOUIS J. NACKE II
New Hope, Pennsylvania
Age: 42
Occupation: Director of Distribution Center, Kay-Bee Toys
Travel was not a routine part of the job for Louis J. Nacke II. The one day, last-minute business trip on September 11 took him away from his new wife and their home under construction in New Hope, Pennsylvania. Nacke, known as "Joey" to his family, was a weightlifter with a Superman tattoo who enjoyed fast cars, good wine, and loved his teenage sons from a previous marriage.
JOHN TALIGNANI
Staten Island, New York
Age: 74
Occupation: Retired bartender
John Talignani, a family man dedicated to his late wife and her three sons, was born in Italy and grew up in Brooklyn. The World War II veteran owned a taxi, a pizzeria, and retired as a Manhattan bartender after 20 years. Talignani enjoyed time with family, and was a devoted New York Mets fan. Tragically, Talignani was traveling to California because his stepson had just died there in an automobile accident
LORRAINE G. BAY
East Windsor, New Jersey
Age: 58
Occupation: Flight Attendant, United Airlines
With 37 years of service, Lorraine G. Bay was one of United Airlines' most senior flight attendants. She took pride in her work, enjoyed connecting with passengers of all ages, and preferred working coach over first class. She mentored younger flight attendants and never failed to remember co-workers and family with special cards and unique gifts. Her husband of 22 years remembers her as a loving person with a beautiful smile.
TODD M. BEAMER
Cranbury, New Jersey
Age: 32
Occupation: Account Manager, Oracle Corporation
Todd M. Beamer, a graduate of Wheaton College with a MBA from DePaul University, was a successful business executive, committed to his family and faith. He was a competitive athlete and avid fan of Chicago sports teams. Beamer and his wife had just returned from a business reward trip to Italy. Though he worked long hours, he always found time for his two young sons. The couple was expecting their third child in January.
ALAN ANTHONY BEAVEN
Oakland, California
Age: 48
Occupation: Attorney with firm of Berman DeValerio Pease Tabacco Burt & Pucillo
Alan Anthony Beaven practiced law in his native New Zealand, and in England, New York, and California. He loved the ocean, and found his niche in environmental litigation, prosecuting violators of the Clean Water Act. After completing a final case, Beaven, his wife, and their young daughter were leaving for a year in India where he planned to help solve pollution problems. Beaven also was survived by two sons.
CHRISTIAN ADAMS
Biebelsheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
Age: 37
Occupation: Deputy Director, German Wine Institute
On September 11, Christian Adams was en route to San Francisco to promote German wines at an annual trade show. Holding degrees in the cultivation of grapes, wine making, and marketing from universities in Germany and the University of California, Adams was a highly-regarded figure in the wine industry. A colleague recalls Adams' thoughtful manner and wonderful sense of humor. He was survived by his wife and two children.
MARION R. BRITTON
Brooklyn, New York
Age: 53
Occupation: Assistant Regional Director, New York Region, U.S. Census Bureau
Marion R. Britton was traveling with co-worker Waleska Martinez to a conference in San Francisco. In her 21 years with the U.S. Census Bureau she had risen from the bottom to the top, developing a reputation for generosity, frankness, and dedication to her job. In 1993, Britton received the Bureau's highest award, the Bronze Medal. She loved to tell stories and held the family genealogy in her memory. Britton was survived by her siblings.
SANDY WAUGH BRADSHAW
Greensboro, North Carolina
Age: 38
Occupation: Flight Attendant, United Airlines
Sandy Waugh Bradshaw always wanted to be a flight attendant, the perfect career for someone who loved travel and meeting people. After 11 years of flying, she was taking only two trips per month, allowing more time at home with her two toddlers and teenage stepdaughter. Her family says she was strong-willed, meticulous and organized, with a plan for everything. "The first day I met her, I fell in love with her," her husband says
DEORA FRANCES BODLEY
San Diego, California
Age: 20
Occupation: Student, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California
University student Deora Frances Bodley was the youngest person aboard Flight 93. She loved children and was studying French and psychology, aspiring to become a child psychologist. Bodley, remembered as introspective and independent, volunteered with a local animal shelter and tutored children in an after-school program. On September 11, she was flying home from a visit with friends in New Jersey. Bodley was survived by her mother, father, stepmother, and a sister.
THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR.
Bloomington, Minnesota
Age: 38
Occupation: Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Thoratec Corporation
Thomas E. Burnett Jr. traveled frequently in his position with Thoratec, a manufacturer of heart pumps. On September 11, Burnett was returning home to his wife and three daughters in San Ramon, California. The graduate of the University of Minnesota with a MBA from Pepperdine University considered himself a Renaissance man. He enjoyed hunting, fishing, and golfing, fine wines, cigars, and travel. Burnett is remembered as bright, driven, principled, and competitive.
PATRICIA CUSHING
Bayonne, New Jersey
Age: 69
Occupation: Retired service representative, New Jersey Bell Telephone
Patricia Cushing and her friend and sister-in-law Jane Folger boarded Flight 93 for a San Francisco sightseeing vacation, a trip they had been planning for months. Cushing, a widowed mother of five, retired after 20 years as a service representative, freeing her to travel, including frequent excursions into New York City for cultural events and shopping. Her family describes her as a "classy lady" with a strong faith, and a patient, soothing manner.
WILLIAM JOSEPH CASHMAN
West New York, New Jersey
Age: 60
Occupation: Ironworker and member of Metallic Lathers and Ironworkers Union, Local 46
William Joseph Cashman was an ironworker who helped build the World Trade Center, a student of karate, an avid hiker, and a former paratrooper in the U.S. Army. At night, he taught welding to union apprentices. On September 11, he was traveling with Patrick Joseph Driscoll to hike in Yosemite National Park. He was survived by his wife of 31 years who describes "Billy" as soft-spoken, principled, and strong.
GEORGINE ROSE CORRIGAN
Honolulu, Hawaii
Age: 55
Occupation: Antiques and collectables dealer
On September 11, Georgine Rose Corrigan was returning to Hawaii from an antiques-buying trip and a visit with her brother in New Jersey. The gregarious, optimistic Ohio native had lived in Hawaii since 1976, supporting herself and her daughter with a variety of jobs, many relying on her artistic talent. Family and friends remember her as a doting grandmother with a passion for anything "roses".
Content from this virtual tour experience can be found onsite at Flight 93 National Memorial and on the following websites:
Friends of Flight 93
National Park Service
US Department of State
Other Credits:
Park Entrance Photo:
Brenda Torrey
Virtual Tour Experience
Photographed & published by:
PlacesMobile
If you enjoyed this interactive virtual experience, please donate to the Friends of Flight 93.